ST-segment elevation related differences in acute myocardial infarction presentation in young adults: the most frequent risk factors, clinical characteristics and significant findings

Aistė Jasinskaitė1, Akvilė Čerkauskaitė1

1Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania

 ABSTRACT

Introduction: coronary heart disease is the leading cause of  morbidity and mortality worldwide and although it primarily occurs in patients over the age of 40, younger  men and women can be affected. This population account for only a small proportion of all patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but is of particular interest because of the long and more active life expectancy.

Aim: to evaluate ST-segment elevation related differences of the most fequent risk factors and clinical characteristics in AMI in young adults.

Objectives: 1. to evaluate the differences of risk factors, clinical manifestation and lipidogram values among ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) groups. 2. To evaluate the differences of angiographic and echocardiographic findings among STEMI and NSTEMI groups.

Methods: the retrospective data analysis of medical cases of 103 young patients of 40 years and under treated due to AMI in Kaunas Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LSMU),  Cardiology department during the period of 2012 and 2017 years. The data of risk factors, clinical characteristics among young patients with AMI was analyzed. The patients were divided into STEMI and NSTEMI groups according electrocardiogram findings. The statistical analysis was performed using a standard statistical package SPSS 25.0.

Conclusions: 1. the presence of hyperlipidemia was the one risk factor that was significantly different among STEMI and NSTEMI groups and more frequent in NSTEMI group. NTEMI was found to be associated with greater lipidogram values of total cholesterol and triglycerides. 2. According to angiographic findings, STEMI was associated with greater number of the segments affected during AMI. According to echocardiographic findings, STEMI was associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction and more frequent presence of moderate left ventricular dysfunction, as well as lower left ventricle wall motion score index values.

Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, young patients, ST-segment elevation.