Jurgita Kupčinskaitė¹, Mindaugas Šilkūnas¹

¹Lithuanian University of Health Science, Academy of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine

Abstract

Laryngeal papillomatosis, a benign laryngeal tumor that is characterized by a characteristic morphology and a relapsing course, may be confounded. Papillomatosis is caused by the HPV virus. HPV-6 and HPV-11 subtypes are commonly found. E6 and E7 genes, which are involved in the regulation of cell division, proliferation and apoptosis, are essential for the pathogenesis of papillomatosis. Papillomas usually begin to develop in areas where the squamous epithelium is bordered by the oscillatory columnar epithelium. Laryngeal papillomatosis causes airway obstruction, and the most common symptoms are hoarseness and dyspnoea. Narrow-band imaging (NBI) combined with white light endoscopy is recognized as a more accurate method of diagnosis for laryngeal disease. The virus detection methods used today are in situ hybridization, liquid hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Surgical excision remains the primary method of treatment. CO2 laser therapy is commonly used in laryngeal surgery, but the complications of laser surgery are increasingly shifting to microlaryngeal surgery. Medication for the treatment of laryngeal papillomatosis can only be used as adjuvant therapy after surgical intervention. The most commonly used antiviral agent for adjuvant treatment is cidofovir, a cytosine analogue. For both women and men, HPV infection can also cause other diseases. Therefore, vaccination is an important preventive measure. Recently, adjuvant use of a quadrivalent vaccine has been shown to improve disease progression and reduce relapse rates after vaccination. Therefore, the HPV vaccine is believed to have a beneficial therapeutic effect in preventing the development of new papillomas and preventing the spread of infection.

Keywords: laryngeal papillomatosis, HPV